MEDA DATABASE ON TRANSBOUNBDARY AQUIFERS Version 2.1 23/08/07
(ESCWA-UNESCO-UNECA-UNECE)
QUESTIONNAIRE
ON TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFERS IN THE MEDA REGION
Please complete using Word document format.
Please complete a separate
questionnaire for each aquifer
Please return by e-mail to: al-mooji@un.org and R.Stephan@unesco.org with copies to: iganouli@civil.auth.gr
and a.aureli@unesco.org, by 31st August
2007.
1. NAME
OF THE TRANSBOUNDARY AQUIFER, LOCATION & COUNTRIES
Please give the name(s) or other identification property of the shared
aquifer, its approximate location
(province, department) and say which countries share it.
Jabal El Arab Bazalt aquifer which is part of Yarmouk basin shared
between Jordan and Syria
2. 1 Please look at the four simplified pictures below and indicate which of them most
closely characterises your transboundary aquifer. If none, please provide a
conceptual sketch of your transboundary aquifer in the blank box below.
Please tick: Example 1 2 3 4 5
2.2 General
Characteristics
Aquifer hydrogeological type porous
karstic
fissured rock other
Predominant lithology......Bazalt ............................................................................................
.
Stratigraphic age Neogen -quasternary
.
Areal extent (km2)..25000...................Population resident in this area and main occupation
one milion
Thickness: mean
(m).....300........ maximum (m)...700............
Shared international boundary length
(km)
162
Dominant groundwater flow direction: from.. .Syria..........................
to ....
Link with surface water systems: strong
medium
weak
2.3 Map
Please provide
a clear map of the transboundary aquifer, including aquifer boundaries and
geographical coordinates. The map should preferably be supplied as
a GIS-file
2.4 Hydrogeological
Characteristics and Groundwater Use
Rainfall: average annual and seasonal distribution
300-500
rainfall
is generally irregular
started from November
to
Marsh -April
Recharge / discharge area
Aquifer is
recharged by inflitration from precipitation in mountainous terrain in
Level changes
(m/yr) natural, induced by pumping, or other reasons
natural and induced by
pumbing
Total
available non- renewable
groundwater reserves (Mm3/yr):
Total available annually renewable groundwater resources (Mm3/yr):
267
( Syrian side)
Total groundwater abstractions (Mm3/yr)
(estimated where not measured)
311 ( Syrian side)
Flow in/out across national boundary
(Mm3/yr)
.
Groundwater flow direction and gradient
across boundary
from North to South
..
Water uses (total, by sector, principal uses, current - estimated and future - projected)
220 ,mainly for agicuture
and drinking water supply.
.
Deficits and other resource concerns
(e.g. quality, extremes, environmental degradation, interactions with surface
water bodies / other aquifers)
increasing the water salinity in
3. MONITORING DATA
Please note that stakeholders should
comply with the WMO Resolution 25 on international exchange of hydrological and related data. (http://www.wmo.ch/index-en.html). If appropriate insert Excel tables into the
Word document in order to provide information and available data on quantity, quality and
accessibility, including:
·
Observation networks
·
Maps, with available scales, GIS and remote sensing imagery
·
Type of data and monitoring equipment
·
Data archives and their adequacy
·
Institutions in charge
·
Research centres
3.1 Quantity
·
No. of monitoring stations
·
Frequency of measurements
·
Water levels
·
Additional information
3.2 Quality
·
No. of monitoring sites
·
Frequency of measurements
·
Nitrogen compounds
·
Salinity and major ions
·
Heavy metals
·
Pesticides
·
Industrial organic compounds
4. IMPORTANCE OF TRANSBOUNDARY GROUNDWATERS
Uses and Functions
Does
the groundwater in this transboundary aquifer have direct uses and/or other
functions?
No Why
not? Irrelevant
groundwater resource
Problems with groundwater
(if yes, indicate these in section 5)
or:
Yes Uses Shared
Aquifer Groundwater as % of total water use in the area
Total Shared Groundwater as % of
total water use
Total Groundwater as % of total
water use
Other functions Support of ecosystems
Support of agriculture
(directly from shallow
water table)
Preventing
land subsidence
Maintaining baseflow and springs
Seasonal
heatstorage
Any
other function
(please specify)
Groundwater abstraction
and use in the aquifer
Indicate in the table the
percentage of total groundwater abstraction accounted for by each use
Type
of use |
Percentage |
If
you do not know the exact percentage, than mark one of the following options |
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< 25 % |
25 50 % |
50 75 % |
> 75 % |
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Drinking water |
|
+ |
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Irrigation |
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+ |
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Industry |
|
+ |
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Mining |
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Thermal spa |
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Livestock |
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Other
(please specify) |
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Please indicate the year to which these figures apply...2003.............
5. WHICH PROBLEMS
ARE OBSERVED IN TRANSBOUNDARY GROUNDWATERS?
5.1 Problems
related to groundwater quantity
a) Specify if possible the average trend of
groundwater level decline (m/year) ..................
b) Indicate
in the table the type and scale of problem associated with groundwater
abstraction from the aquifer
Problem |
Increasing scale
of problem |
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1. Local and moderate |
2.
Local but severe |
3.
Widespread but moderate |
4.
Widespread and severe |
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Increased
pumping lifts or costs |
|
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Reduction
of borehole yields |
|
+ |
|
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Reduced
baseflow and springflow |
|
+ |
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Degradation
of ecosystems |
|
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|
+ |
Sea
water intrusion |
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Salt
water upconing/downconing |
|
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Polluted
water drawn into aquifer |
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Land
subsidence |
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Other
(please specify) |
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5.2 Problems related to groundwater quality
Indicate in the table the
type, nature and scale of groundwater quality problems in the aquifer
Problem |
Nature of problem |
Typical range of concentrations |
Scale, using classes 1-4 from table above |
|
Natural origins |
From human activities |
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Salinisation |
|
+ |
400 -1800 |
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Nitrogen
species |
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Pesticides |
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Heavy
metals |
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Pathogens |
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Industrial
organic compounds |
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Hydrocarbons |
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Other
(please specify) |
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5.3 Evidence
for transboundary effects
a)
Do you observe any decline of groundwater levels (or
piezometric levels) caused or probably caused by activities in neighbouring
countries?
Yes No
b)
Do you observe any groundwater pollution caused or probably
caused by activities in neighbouring countries?
Yes No
6. TRANSBOUNDARY
MANAGEMENT MEASURES
Indicate in the table which measures are presently being
implemented or need to be applied
Management Measures |
Already used and effective |
Used, but Need to be improved |
Need to be applied |
Currently planned |
Transboundary
institutions (commissions, agreements, treaties, etc.) |
|
|
+ |
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Groundwater
abstraction management by regulation (licensing, taxation) |
|
|
+ |
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Groundwater
abstraction management by incentives or disincentives (subsidies, credits,
energy prices, energy supply, etc.) |
|
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Increasing
efficiency of groundwater use |
|
|
+ |
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Monitoring
of groundwater quantity |
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+ |
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Monitoring
of groundwater quality |
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+ |
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Public
awareness campaigns |
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+ |
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Protection
zones for public supplies |
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+ |
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Vulnerability
mapping for land use planning |
|
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+ |
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Good
agricultural practices |
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+ |
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Groundwater
integrated into river basin management |
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Wastewater
reuse or artificial recharge |
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Treatment
of urban wastewater |
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Treatment
of industrial effluents |
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Exchange
of data between countries |
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+ |
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Other
(please specify) |
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7. POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE PROPERTIES
8. NAME AND CONTACT DETAILS OF PERSON(S) COMPLETING THIS FORM:
Name
Abdullah
Droubi
Institution
ACSAD
Address
..
Tel
..Fax
E-mail
..